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In 2016, the number of Syrian radio stations established within the framework of the Syrian revolution reached 30 stations. Their headquarters were distributed both inside and outside Syria, as indicated by a study titled "Capturing the Essence:  A Survey of the Status of New Radio Stations and Websites in Syria," released by the "Weedoo Team" for media studies.
However, this number has significantly decreased over the past two years. Most of these radio stations no longer broadcast their content to the public or engage with their audience. A considerable number of them closed due to financial and security pressures.
On World Radio Day, which was yesterday, Wednesday, 13 February, Enab Baladi identified fewer than ten radio stations that are still operational today within the context of "independent media" that emerged after 2011 outside the regime's framework. These stations are:
Watan FM
Watan is one of the first radio stations established after the Syrian revolution. Its experimental broadcasting was launched from Damascus in August 2011, and it was then able to broadcast in the neighborhoods of the old city.
The radio station currently operates from Istanbul, Turkey, and broadcasts its content online as well as over the airwaves in the opposition-controlled areas in the governorates of Idleb, Hama, and the northern countryside of Aleppo.
Its website also offers written news coverage, while its radio broadcast schedule includes a variety of political, analytical, social, and musical programs.
Radio Alkul
Radio Alkul was founded outside Syria in 2013, with Istanbul, Turkey, as its headquarters.
The radio broadcasts its news, dialogue, and social programs in Aleppo and Idleb on the frequency 95.5 FM.
The radio station, celebrating its sixth anniversary next April, broadcasts a range of social, service-oriented, and news programs, both within and outside Syria.
Radio Fresh FM
Radio Fresh is among the few stations that have maintained their broadcast from within Syrian territories outside the control of the Syrian regime. It was founded in 2013.
The radio operates from the city of Kafr Nobol in the countryside of Idleb and includes a group of activists and correspondents within Syria.
It offers a range of programs that address the issues and concerns of Syrians alongside written news coverage on its website.
The radio was founded by a group of well-known revolutionary activists, notably its former director, Raed al-Fares, who was assassinated last November by unknown assailants.
Rozana Radio
Radio Rozana was established in mid-2013 in France and operates from two headquarters—one in Paris and the other in Gaziantep, Turkey.
The radio station provides news bulletins and summaries related to Syrian affairs alongside a diverse range of cultural, awareness, and service-oriented programs. It relies on a network of correspondents within Syria for its sources.
Radio Rozana broadcasts online and over the airwaves in certain areas within Syria under opposition control, in addition to Gaziantep, Turkey.
Radio Orient
Radio Orient was established in 2014 as part of the Orient Media Foundation and was launched in the United Arab Emirates.
Radio Orient is headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. It broadcasts its diverse, political, and social programs via the internet and through its Facebook page. Additionally, it airs through FM waves in certain areas under opposition control in northern Syria, as well as in the city of Antakya, southern Turkey.
Arta  FM
Arta FM radio was established in 2013 in the city of Amuda in the countryside of Quamishli in the northeastern countryside of Syria. It's the first and only Syrian radio station broadcast in four languages: Kurdish, Arabic, Syriac, and Armenian, aiming to reach all components of the Syrian Jazeera region.
Arta FM has an online news website and broadcasts from Amuda, covering the Jazeera region, including cities and towns like Amuda, Al-Malikeyyeh, Quamishli, Ras Al Ain, and Kobani. It also airs online and via the NileSat satellite network.
Arta FM is affiliated with "Jin FM" Women's Radio and the "Voice of Ar-Raqqa Radio," which started broadcasting in the city of Ar-Raqqa following the control of the city by the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Radio Souriali
Radio Souriali was founded in 2012 by a group of Syrian youth, aiming for diversity and targeting a younger audience.
The radio broadcasts exclusively online and offers a variety of programs, along with written content on its website.
The radio dubs itself as 'The Souriali Arena created to be a new outlet for us,' aiming to present programs free from sectarianism or regionalism, seeking to reach all spectra of Syrians.
Nasaem Syria
The "Nasaem Syria" radio station was established at the end of 2012 and began its trial broadcast from the city of Aleppo and its countryside in January 2013.
The radio station currently broadcasts its programs in the northern Aleppo countryside on the frequency 92.6 FM, as well as in the Turkish cities of Gaziantep and Kilis in the south of Turkey, in addition to online streaming.
The radio station operates with a youthful team of producers and presenters, offering diverse programs covering political and social topics. They utilize live streaming technology through Facebook to broadcast their programs and engage with their audience.